Spring Cloud Alibaba——转载自楠哥
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准备
创建父工程：Spring Cloud Alibaba 的环境在父工程中创建，微服务的各个组件作为子工程，继承父工程的环境。
Spring Cloud Alibaba的工程目录：
Spring Boot —> Spring Cloud —> Spring Cloud Alibaba根据官方推荐，使用较稳定的Spring Cloud Alibaba.2.2.1.RELEASE版本，由此版本倒推所兼容的cloud和boot版本。
总结：
| Spring | 版本 |
|---|---|
| Spring Cloud Alibaba | 2.2.1.RELEASE |
| Spring Cloud | Hoxton.SR3 |
| Spring Boot | 2.3.0.RELEASE |
父pom.xml 中添加Spring Cloud和Spring Cloud Alibaba的依赖，
用dependencyManagement标签进行版本号的统一管理，子项目引入dependency时就不再需要写版本号：org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-dependencies Hoxton.SR3 pom import com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies 2.2.1.RELEASE pom import
Nacos 服务注册
Nacos下载和启动，请移步作者的另一篇博文：
在父工程路径下创建子工程，让子工程继承父工程的环境依赖，子工程pom.xml 中添加 nacos 发现组件（可以放在父pom，当项目庞大起来，子工程越来越多，此时继承父pom即可，避免重复代码）。
子项目（提供者）
pom.xml Nacos配置
com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
完整pom.xml
4.0.0 com.gs alibabademo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT com.gs.provider provider 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT provider Demo project for Spring Boot 1.8 com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test org.junit.vintage junit-vintage-engine org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin
application.yml 中配置
server: port: 8082spring:# cloud:# nacos:# discovery:# # 指定nacos server地址，不用写http://，不配置默认是本机localhost:8848# server-addr: localhost:8848 application: # 注册服务的关键因素，注释掉name就不会再注册 name: my-provider
项目启动就会自动在注册中心注册一个实例，如图所示：
Nacos 服务发现与调用
子项目（消费者）
pom.xml 添加 discovery，完成服务发现。
com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
通过 discoveryClient 发现注册到 nacos 中的 provider 服务。
@RestControllerpublic class ConsumerController { @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @GetMapping("/instances") public List instances(){ List provider = discoveryClient.getInstances("provider"); return provider; }} 通过RestTemplate 进行服务调用，但是RestTemplate 没有被Spring容器管理，不能直接用，需要自己写一个配置类将其纳入Spring管理。
@Configurationpublic class ConsumerConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); }} 整合：这种方式比较麻烦，而且随机数的生成也不合理，稍后介绍更便捷用法-Ribbon。
@RestControllerpublic class ConsumerController { @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/index") public String index(){ List provider = discoveryClient.getInstances("provider"); int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(provider.size()); String url = provider.get(index).getUri()+"/index"; return "consumer随机远程调用provier："+this.restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class); }} Ribbon 负载均衡
使用Ribbon优化上述的DiscoveryClient 和 RestTemplate 用法。
在RestTemplate 配置类上使用@LoadBalanced注解。@Configurationpublic class ConsumerConfig { @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); }} @RestControllerpublic class ConsumerController { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/index") public String index(){ return "consumer远程调用provier："+this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider/index", String.class); }} 负载均衡策略
随机
server: port: 8180provider: ribbon: NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule
Nacos 权重
package com.southwind.configuration;@Slf4jpublic class NacosWeightedRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule { @Autowired private NacosDiscoveryProperties nacosDiscoveryProperties; @Override public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig iClientConfig) { //读取配置文件 } @Override public Server choose(Object o) { ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = this.getLoadBalancer(); BaseLoadBalancer baseLoadBalancer = (BaseLoadBalancer) loadBalancer; //获取要请求的微服务名称 String name = baseLoadBalancer.getName(); //获取服务发现的相关API NamingService namingService = nacosDiscoveryProperties.namingServiceInstance(); try { Instance instance = namingService.selectOneHealthyInstance(name); log.info("选择的实例是port={},instance={}",instance.getPort(),instance); return new NacosServer(instance); } catch (NacosException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } }} server: port: 8180provider: ribbon: NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.southwind.configuration.NacosWeightedRule
Sentinel 服务限流降级
雪崩效应
解决方案
1、设置线程超时
2、设置限流
3、熔断器 Sentinel、Hystrix
1、pom.xml 引入依赖
com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-actuator
2、application 配置
management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: '*'spring: cloud: sentinel: transport: dashboard: localhost:8080
3、下载 Sentinel 控制台，解压，启动。
流控规则
直接限流
关联限流
链路限流
1、pom.xml 添加依赖
com.alibaba.csp sentinel-core 1.7.1 com.alibaba.csp sentinel-web-servlet 1.7.1
2、application.yml
spring: cloud: sentinel: filter: enabled: false
3、写配置类
package com.southwind.configuration;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.CommonFilter;import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configurationpublic class FilterConfiguration { @Bean public FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new CommonFilter()); registrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*"); registrationBean.addInitParameter(CommonFilter.WEB_CONTEXT_UNIFY,"false"); registrationBean.setName("sentinelFilter"); return registrationBean; }} 4、Service
@Servicepublic class HelloService { @SentinelResource("test") public void test(){ System.out.println("test"); }} 5、Controller
@GetMapping("/test1")public String test1(){ this.helloService.test(); return "test1";}@GetMapping("/test2")public String test2(){ this.helloService.test(); return "test2";} 流控效果
快速失败
直接抛出异常
Warm UP
给系统一个预热的时间，预热时间段内单机阈值较低，预热时间过后单机阈值增加，预热时间内当前的单机阈值是设置的阈值的三分之一，预热时间过后单机阈值恢复设置的值。
排队等待
当请求调用失败之后，不会立即抛出异常，等待下一次调用，时间范围是超时时间，在时间范围内如果能请求成功则不抛出异常，如果请求则抛出异常。
降级规则
RT
单个请求的响应时间超过阈值，则进入准降级状态，接下来 1 S 内连续 5 个请求响应时间均超过阈值，就进行降级，持续时间为时间窗口的值。
异常比例
每秒异常数量占通过量的比例大于阈值，就进行降级处理，持续时间为时间窗口的值。
异常数
1 分钟内的异常数超过阈值就进行降级处理，时间窗口的值要大于 60S，否则刚结束熔断又进入下一次熔断了。
热点规则
热点规则是流控规则的更细粒度操作，可以具体到对某个热点参数的限流，设置限流之后，如果带着限流参数的请求量超过阈值，则进行限流，时间为统计窗口时长。
必须要添加 @SentinelResource，即对资源进行流控。
@GetMapping("/hot")@SentinelResource("hot")public String hot( @RequestParam(value = "num1",required = false) Integer num1, @RequestParam(value = "num2",required = false) Integer num2){ return num1+"-"+num2;} 授权规则
给指定的资源设置流控应用（追加参数），可以对流控应用进行访问权限的设置，具体就是添加白名单和黑名单。
如何给请求指定流控应用，通过实现 RequestOriginParser 接口来完成，代码如下所示。
package com.southwind.configuration;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.RequestOriginParser;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;public class RequestOriginParserDefinition implements RequestOriginParser { @Override public String parseOrigin(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) { String name = httpServletRequest.getParameter("name"); if(StringUtils.isEmpty(name)){ throw new RuntimeException("name is null"); } return name; }} 要让 RequestOriginParserDefinition 生效，需要在配置类中进行配置。
package com.southwind.configuration;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.WebCallbackManager;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;@Configurationpublic class SentinelConfiguration { @PostConstruct public void init(){ WebCallbackManager.setRequestOriginParser(new RequestOriginParserDefinition()); }} 自定义规则异常返回
创建异常处理类
package com.southwind.handler;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.servlet.callback.UrlBlockHandler;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeException;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.flow.FlowException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;public class ExceptionHandler implements UrlBlockHandler { @Override public void blocked(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, BlockException e) throws IOException { httpServletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); String msg = null; if(e instanceof FlowException){ msg = "限流"; }else if(e instanceof DegradeException){ msg = "降级"; } httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(msg); }} 进行配置。
@Configurationpublic class SentinelConfiguration { @PostConstruct public void init(){ WebCallbackManager.setUrlBlockHandler(new ExceptionHandler()); }} 整合 RocketMQ
安装 RocketMQ
1、传入 Linux 服务器
2、解压缩
unzip rocketmq-all-4.7.1-bin-release.zip
3、启动 NameServer
nohup ./bin/mqnamesrv &
4、检查是否启动成功
netstat -an | grep 9876
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5、启动 Broker
启动之前需要编辑配置文件，修改 JVM 内存设置，默认给的内存 4 GB，超过我们的 JVM 了。
cd binvim runserver.sh
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vim runbroker.sh
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启动 Broker
nohup ./mqbroker -n localhost:9876 &
可以查看日志
tail -f ~/logs/rocketmqlogs/broker.log
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启动成功
6、测试 RocketMQ
消息发送
cd binexport NAMESRV_ADDR=localhost:9876./tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Producer
消息接收
cd binexport NAMESRV_ADDR=localhost:9876./tools.sh org.apache.rocketmq.example.quickstart.Consumer
7、关闭 RocketMQ
cd bin./mqshutdown broker./mqshutdown namesrv
安装 RocketMQ 控制台
1、解压缩，修改配置，打包
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mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
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2、进入 target 启动 jar
java -jar rocketmq-console-ng-1.0.0.jar
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打开浏览器访问 localhost:9877，如果报错
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这是因为我们的 RocketMQ 安装在 Linux 中，控制台在 windows，Linux 需要开放端口才能访问，开放 10909 和 9876 端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10909/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9876/tcp --permanentsystemctl restart firewalld.servicefirewall-cmd --reload
重新启动控制台项目
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Java 实现消息发送
1、pom.xml 中引入依赖
org.apache.rocketmq rocketmq-spring-boot-starter 2.1.0
2、生产消息
package com.southwind;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建消息生产者 DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("myproducer-group"); //设置NameServer producer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.248.129:9876"); //启动生产者 producer.start(); //构建消息对象 Message message = new Message("myTopic","myTag",("Test MQ").getBytes()); //发送消息 SendResult result = producer.send(message, 1000); System.out.println(result); //关闭生产者 producer.shutdown(); }} 3、直接运行，如果报错 sendDefaultImpl call timeout，可以开放 10911 端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=10911/tcp --permanentsystemctl restart firewalld.servicefirewall-cmd --reload
打开 RocketMQ 控制台，可查看消息。
Java 实现消息消费
package com.southwind.service;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyContext;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerConcurrently;import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;import java.util.List;@Slf4jpublic class ConsumerTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { //创建消息消费者 DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("myconsumer-group"); //设置NameServer consumer.setNamesrvAddr("192.168.248.129:9876"); //指定订阅的主题和标签 consumer.subscribe("myTopic","*"); //回调函数 consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() { @Override public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List list, ConsumeConcurrentlyContext consumeConcurrentlyContext) { log.info("Message=>{}",list); return ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS; } }); //启动消费者 consumer.start(); }} Spring Boot 整合 RocketMQ
provider
1、pom.xml
org.apache.rocketmq rocketmq-spring-boot-starter 2.1.0 org.apache.rocketmq rocketmq-client 4.7.0
2、application.yml
rocketmq: name-server: 192.168.248.129:9876 producer: group: myprovider
3、Order
package com.southwind.entity;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.Data;import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import java.util.Date;@Data@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class Order { private Integer id; private String buyerName; private String buyerTel; private String address; private Date createDate;} 4、Controller
@Autowiredprivate RocketMQTemplate rocketMQTemplate;@GetMapping("/create")public Order create(){ Order order = new Order( 1, "张三", "123123", "软件园", new Date() ); this.rocketMQTemplate.convertAndSend("myTopic",order); return order;} consumer
1、pom.xml
org.apache.rocketmq rocketmq-spring-boot-starter 2.1.0 org.apache.rocketmq rocketmq-client 4.7.0
2、application.yml
rocketmq: name-server: 192.168.248.129:9876
3、Service
@Slf4j@Service@RocketMQMessageListener(consumerGroup = "myConsumer",topic = "myTopic")public class SmsService implements RocketMQListener{ @Override public void onMessage(Order order) { log.info("新订单{},发短信",order); }}
服务网关
Spring Cloud Gateway 是基于 Netty，跟 Servlet 不兼容，所以你的工程中不能出现 Servlet 的组件 。
1、pom.xml
注意，一定不能出现 spring web 的依赖，因为 Gateway 与 Servlet 不兼容。
org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-starter-gateway
2、application.yml
server: port: 8010spring: application: name: gateway cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true routes: - id: provider_route uri: http://localhost:8081 predicates: - Path=/provider/** filters: - StripPrefix=1
上面这种做法其实没有用到 nacos ，现在我们让 gateway 直接去 nacos 中发现服务，配置更加简单了。
1、pom.xml 引入 nacos
org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-starter-gateway com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery
2、application.yml
server: port: 8010spring: application: name: gateway cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true
Gateway 限流
基于路由限流
1、pom.xml
org.springframework.cloud spring-cloud-starter-gateway com.alibaba.csp sentinel-spring-cloud-gateway-adapter
2、配置类
package com.southwind.configuration;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayFlowRule;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayRuleManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.SentinelGatewayFilter;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.BlockRequestHandler;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.GatewayCallbackManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.exception.SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.Ordered;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.MediaType;import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;import java.util.*;@Configurationpublic class GatewayConfiguration { private final List viewResolvers; private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer; public GatewayConfiguration(ObjectProvider > viewResolversProvider, ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) { this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList); this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer; } //配置限流的异常处理 @Bean @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) public SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() { return new SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer); } //配置初始化的限流参数 @PostConstruct public void initGatewayRules(){ Set rules = new HashSet<>(); rules.add( new GatewayFlowRule("provider_route") .setCount(1) .setIntervalSec(1) ); GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules); } //初始化限流过滤器 @Bean @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() { return new SentinelGatewayFilter(); } //自定义限流异常页面 @PostConstruct public void initBlockHandlers(){ BlockRequestHandler blockRequestHandler = new BlockRequestHandler() { @Override public Mono handleRequest(ServerWebExchange serverWebExchange, Throwable throwable) { Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("code",0); map.put("msg","被限流了"); return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.OK) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .body(BodyInserters.fromObject(map)); } }; GatewayCallbackManager.setBlockHandler(blockRequestHandler); }}
3、application.yml
server: port: 8010spring: application: name: gateway cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true routes: - id: provider_route uri: http://localhost:8081 predicates: - Path=/provider/** filters: - StripPrefix=1
基于 API 分组限流
1、修改配置类，添加基于 API 分组限流的方法，修改初始化的限流参数
package com.southwind.configuration;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.SentinelGatewayConstants;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiDefinition;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiPathPredicateItem;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.ApiPredicateItem;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.api.GatewayApiDefinitionManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayFlowRule;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayRuleManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.SentinelGatewayFilter;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.BlockRequestHandler;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.GatewayCallbackManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.exception.SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.Ordered;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.MediaType;import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.BodyInserters;import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;import java.util.*;@Configurationpublic class GatewayConfiguration { private final List viewResolvers; private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer; public GatewayConfiguration(ObjectProvider > viewResolversProvider, ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) { this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList); this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer; } //配置限流的异常处理 @Bean @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) public SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() { return new SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer); } //配置初始化的限流参数 @PostConstruct public void initGatewayRules(){ Set rules = new HashSet<>(); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("provider_api1").setCount(1).setIntervalSec(1)); rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule("provider_api2").setCount(1).setIntervalSec(1)); GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules); } //初始化限流过滤器 @Bean @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() { return new SentinelGatewayFilter(); } //自定义限流异常页面 @PostConstruct public void initBlockHandlers(){ BlockRequestHandler blockRequestHandler = new BlockRequestHandler() { @Override public Mono handleRequest(ServerWebExchange serverWebExchange, Throwable throwable) { Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("code",0); map.put("msg","被限流了"); return ServerResponse.status(HttpStatus.OK) .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) .body(BodyInserters.fromObject(map)); } }; GatewayCallbackManager.setBlockHandler(blockRequestHandler); } //自定义API分组 @PostConstruct private void initCustomizedApis(){ Set definitions = new HashSet<>(); ApiDefinition api1 = new ApiDefinition("provider_api1") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet (){ { add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/provider/api1/**") .setMatchStrategy(SentinelGatewayConstants.URL_MATCH_STRATEGY_PREFIX)); }}); ApiDefinition api2 = new ApiDefinition("provider_api2") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet (){ { add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/provider/api2/demo1")); }}); definitions.add(api1); definitions.add(api2); GatewayApiDefinitionManager.loadApiDefinitions(definitions); }}
2、Controller 添加方法
@GetMapping("/api1/demo1")public String demo1(){ return "demo";}@GetMapping("/api1/demo2")public String demo2(){ return "demo";}@GetMapping("/api2/demo1")public String demo3(){ return "demo";}@GetMapping("/api2/demo2")public String demo4(){ return "demo";} 也可以基于 Nacos 服务发现组件进行限流
server: port: 8010spring: application: name: gateway cloud: gateway: discovery: locator: enabled: true
API 分组代码修改，改为 discovery 中的服务名。
ApiDefinition api2 = new ApiDefinition("provider_api2") .setPredicateItems(new HashSet (){ { add(new ApiPathPredicateItem().setPattern("/p1/api2/demo1")); }}); 分布式事务
模拟分布式事务异常
1、创建两个工程 order、pay，pom.xml
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-jdbc org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-web mysql mysql-connector-java runtime org.projectlombok lombok true
2、建两个数据库 order、pay，两个微服务分别访问。
3、分别写两个服务的 application.yml
server: port: 8010spring: application: name: order datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/order
server: port: 8020spring: application: name: pay datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/pay
4、分别写两个 Service
package com.southwind.service;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class OrderService { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public void save(){ this.jdbcTemplate.update("insert into orders(username) values ('张三')"); }} package com.southwind.service;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Servicepublic class PayService { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; public void save(){ this.jdbcTemplate.update("insert into pay(username) values ('张三')"); }} 5、控制器 Order 通过 RestTemplate 调用 Pay 的服务
package com.southwind.controller;import com.southwind.service.OrderService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@RestControllerpublic class OrderController { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/save") public String save(){ //订单 this.orderService.save(); int i = 10/0; //支付 this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8020/save",String.class); return "success"; }} package com.southwind.controller;import com.southwind.service.PayService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class PayController { @Autowired private PayService payService; @GetMapping("/save") public String save(){ this.payService.save(); return "success"; }} 6、启动类
package com.southwind;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); } @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); }} package com.southwind;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class PayApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(PayApplication.class, args); }} 分布式异常模拟结束，Order 存储完成之后，出现异常，会导致 Pay 无法存储，但是 Order 数据库不会进行回滚。
Seata 解决
1、下载
2、解压，修改两个文件
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regisry.conf
registry { type = "nacos" nacos { serverAddr = "localhost" namespace = "public" cluster = "default" }}config { type = "nacos" nacos { serverAddr = "localhost" namespace = "public" cluster = "default" }} nacos-config.txt
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3、启动 Nacos，运行 nacos-config.sh 将 Seata 配置导入 Nacos
进入 conf，右键 Git Bash Here
cd confsh nacos-config.sh 127.0.0.1
执行成功，刷新 Nacos，配置加入
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nacos-config.txt 配置已生效
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4、启动 Seata Server， JDK 8 以上环境无法启动
cd binseata-server.bat -p 8090 -m file
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启动成功，Nacos 注册成功。
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Seata 服务环境搭建完毕，接下来去应用中添加。
1、初始化数据库，在两个数据库中添加事务日志记录表，SQL Seata 已经提供。
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2、直接在两个数据库运行脚本。
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL, `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL, `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL, `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL, `log_created` datetime NOT NULL, `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL, `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
3、两个工程的 pom.xml 添加 Seata 组件和 Nacos Config 组件。
com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 2.1.1.RELEASE com.alibaba.cloud spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config
4、给 JDBCTemplate 添加代理数据源
package com.southwind;import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import javax.sql.DataSource;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args); } @Bean public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } @Bean public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){ return new JdbcTemplate(new DataSourceProxy(dataSource)); }} package com.southwind;import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import javax.sql.DataSource;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class PayApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(PayApplication.class, args); } @Bean public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate(DataSource dataSource){ return new JdbcTemplate(new DataSourceProxy(dataSource)); }} 5、将 registry.conf 复制到两个工程的 resources 下。
6、给两个工程添加 bootstrap.yml 读取 Nacos 配置。
spring: application: name: order cloud: nacos: config: server-addr: localhost:8848 namespace: public group: SEATA_GROUP alibaba: seata: tx-service-group: ${ spring.application.name} spring: application: name: pay cloud: nacos: config: server-addr: localhost:8848 namespace: public group: SEATA_GROUP alibaba: seata: tx-service-group: ${ spring.application.name} tx-service-group 需要和 Nacos 配置中的名称一致。
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7、在 Order 调用 Pay 处添加注解 @GlobalTransactional
package com.southwind.controller;import com.southwind.service.OrderService;import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@RestControllerpublic class OrderController { @Autowired private OrderService orderService; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/save") @GlobalTransactional public String save(){ //订单 this.orderService.save(); int i = 10/0; //支付 this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8020/save",String.class); return "success"; }} 转载地址：http://zzqgn.baihongyu.com/
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